Arusha, February 16, 2026 — The Government of Tanzania has been urged to formally recognize donkeys and integrate them into national livestock development initiatives.
Key recommendations include conducting a comprehensive census to determine their population and ensuring donkeys receive proper veterinary care, vaccinations, and other essential services, similar to other domesticated animals.
Stakeholders emphasize that these measures are vital for safeguarding donkey welfare and sustaining their critical contributions to household livelihoods and the national economy.
The call was made in Arusha during a stakeholders’ workshop that brought together journalists, livestock experts, and animal welfare advocates to discuss “Tracking the Cost of Exclusion.” Organized by the Arusha Society for the Protection of Animals (ASPA) in collaboration with Brooke East Africa, the forum focused on the economic and social consequences of excluding donkeys from formal livestock policies and services.
Donkeys: The Overlooked Pillars of Rural Livelihoods
Speaking at the workshop, ASPA Director Livingston Masija highlighted the indispensable role of donkeys in rural communities. Donkeys are widely used to transport agricultural produce, water, firewood, charcoal, and other essential goods. Beyond generating direct income for owners, they support broader economic activities by facilitating affordable transport and access to energy.
“Ensuring donkeys receive proper nutrition, healthcare, and humane treatment is not merely an animal welfare concern—it is an economic imperative,” Masija said.
He stressed that existing animal welfare laws protect animals from cruelty and neglect, and donkeys deserve equal recognition under these frameworks.
One of the key challenges identified is the species’ slow reproductive rate. On average, there is a five-year gap between the birth of one foal and the next from the same mother. This low reproductive rate renders donkey populations particularly vulnerable to decline, especially in the context of illegal trade and unregulated slaughter.
Gaps in Veterinary Services and Data
Dr. Lazaro Mirama, ASPA’s Livestock Officer, highlighted systemic challenges affecting donkeys in Tanzania. Unlike cattle, goats, and sheep, donkeys are often excluded from national vaccination campaigns and livestock health programs. Furthermore, there is no comprehensive census to determine their exact numbers.
According to Dr. Mirama, formally recognizing and enumerating donkeys would facilitate better planning of veterinary services, help curb theft and illegal cross-border trade, and enable owners to leverage donkeys as assets when seeking credit from financial institutions.
Research presented at the workshop indicates that donkeys rank among the top contributors to household income in many rural areas due to their role in transport and small-scale commerce. Stakeholders therefore argued that now is the opportune time for the government to integrate donkeys into livestock insurance schemes, vaccination programs, and broader development initiatives.
Government Enforcement and Collaboration
Dr. Justin Kimanga, a Veterinary Officer from the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Northern Zone, affirmed that the government continues to enforce a ban on the export and trade of donkeys. Veterinary officers stationed at inspection points and border posts actively monitor compliance to prevent illegal transportation.
Dr. Kimanga underscored the importance of collaboration between government authorities, animal welfare organizations, and local communities to protect donkeys. He also urged citizens to adhere to animal welfare regulations by providing adequate feed, safe shelter, and appropriate harnessing equipment to prevent injuries caused by overloading.
Community Success Stories
Workshop participants expressed satisfaction with positive changes observed in communities that have received training from ASPA on proper donkey care. In areas such as Rwamgasa, improved feeding practices, timely medical treatment, vaccination uptake, and the use of ergonomically designed harnesses have significantly enhanced donkey welfare.
Residents of Rwamgasa have also innovated by constructing wooden carts fitted with rubber tires, pulled by donkeys. This initiative has eased transportation challenges and opened new business opportunities in cart manufacturing and repair.
Communities are increasingly ensuring that donkeys rest in shaded areas, travel on safe routes to protect their hooves, and carry loads within safe limits.
These improvements demonstrate that with awareness, training, and policy support, donkey welfare can be strengthened—benefiting both the animals and the communities that rely on them.
The discussions highlighted a clear message: excluding donkeys from national livestock systems incurs significant economic and social costs. Recognizing, counting, vaccinating, and protecting donkeys is not merely a welfare obligation; it is a strategic investment in rural development and poverty reduction.
As Tanzania advances its livestock sector, stakeholders insist that integrating donkeys into formal programs is both timely and essential.




















































